How does land use change affect groundwater resources?

Land use change plays a significant role in shaping groundwater resources in several ways. When land use changes, such as urbanization, agriculture, or deforestation, it can significantly impact the natural processes that govern groundwater recharge and quality.

One of the primary effects of land use change is its ability to alter recharge rates. For instance, when natural landscapes are replaced by impervious surfaces like roads and buildings, the ability of water to infiltrate the ground diminishes. This leads to decreased groundwater recharge, as less water is able to percolate down through the soil layers into aquifers. In contrast, agricultural practices might introduce practices that increase or decrease water infiltration depending on the methods employed.

Additionally, land use changes can affect surface runoff. Urban areas tend to generate more runoff because of increased impervious surfaces, which can overwhelm drainage systems and lead to flooding. The excess runoff can carry pollutants into waterways, which in turn can seep into groundwater supplies, leading to contamination.

Lastly, alterations in land use often lead to the introduction of various contaminants, such as fertilizers, pesticides, and industrial chemicals, which can leach into the groundwater. This contamination can adversely affect groundwater quality and pose health risks to populations relying on groundwater for drinking and irrigation.

Thus, land use