What is an artesian well?

An artesian well is defined as a well that taps into a confined aquifer where water rises under pressure. This unique feature occurs because the water in the aquifer is trapped between layers of impermeable rocks or clay, creating pressure that can push the water to the surface without the need for pumping. When a well is drilled into such an aquifer, the pressure causes the water to rise to a level above the top of the aquifer, and in some cases, it may even flow freely to the surface.

This phenomenon distinguishes artesian wells from other types of wells, as they are driven by natural hydrostatic pressure instead of the mechanical action of pumps. Understanding this principle is crucial for groundwater resource management and geology, as artesian wells can offer an efficient source of water in certain regions.